Flawed arithmetic on drug development costs

Drug compendia in oncology: are they flawed?

R ecent studies have raised concerns about the reliability of four compendia currently used by Medicare and other payers to help determine which cancer drugs will be covered for which offlabel indications. Now, experts are looking for ways to improve the compendia, even as oncologists debate their usefulness to guide treatment decisions. The studies, a series of reports funded by the Centers fo...

The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs.

The research and development costs of 68 randomly selected new drugs were obtained from a survey of 10 pharmaceutical firms. These data were used to estimate the average pre-tax cost of new drug development. The costs of compounds abandoned during testing were linked to the costs of compounds that obtained marketing approval. The estimated average out-of-pocket cost per new drug is 403 million ...

Rising drug costs: the impact on dermatology.

In the US prescription drug costs are rising faster than any other component of health care expenditures, and show no signs of slowing. Spending on prescription drugs has been estimated by the Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA) to be rising by approximately 12% per year, more than twice the rate for national health care expenditures (5.1%). Factors driving the rise in prescription drug c...

Flawed analysis, implausible results--move on.

effect of oral presentation on development of l2 learners grammar

this experimental study has been conducted to test the effect of oral presentation on the development of l2 learners grammar. but this oral presentation is not merely a deductive instruction of grammatical points, in this presentation two hypotheses of krashen (input and low filter hypotheses), stevicks viewpoints on grammar explanation and correction and widdowsons opinion on limited use of l1...